International Journal of Pediatric Dermatology

Vitiligo in Childhood: Being There for the Young Patients and Their Families

E. Tsoureli-Nikita — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Following the presentation of the epidemiological and clinical features of
the disease, the author emphasizes its psycho-relational impact, particularly
during childhood, and underscores the importance of an appropriate approach
by both caregivers and the peer community.

Which Foods Can Be Beneficial in Dermatology?

D. Peroni, A. Pieri, A. Buononato — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The authors discuss the potential role of specific nutrients in the prevention
of atopic dermatitis. They highlight the importance of introducing micronutrients
to promote favorable immunomodulation in children affected by this
condition. Finally, they emphasize the need for consensus among specialists
regarding the execution of allergy testing, as well as the timing of dietary
introduction of solid foods, eggs, and peanuts.

Current Advances in Photoprotection

A. Patrizi — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The author provides an up-to-date overview of the best photoprotection stra-tegies to adopt during childhood to prevent acute and long-term health dama-ge related to inappropriate sun exposure.

Pityriasis Rosea

M. Ferrara — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The author provides an updated overview of Pityriasis Rosea, addressing its
epidemiological, etiological, clinical - particularly emphasizing the increasingly
frequent atypical variants - diagnostic, dermoscopic, and therapeutic
aspects

The Three Most Important Things to Tell Parents of a Newborn/Infant with a Problem of the Navel

G. Rovatti — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Author briefly reviews the physiological involution of the umbilical stump,
the commonly accepted practices of cord care and the pathological conditions
of the navel in neonatal age and the first months of life.

How to Manage Juvenile Acne

M. Feliciangeli — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper offers a structured synthesis of the management of Juvenile Acne, placing particular emphasis on communication with the patient and their pa-rents. The content is organized into six principal components: three pertai-ning to diagnostic evaluation and three addressing therapeutic intervention.

How to Manage Suspected Child Abuse

F. Arcangeli — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The skin is the organ most frequently exhibiting signs that may raise suspicion
of abuse. For this reason, dermatologists and pediatricians are often
called upon to assess whether certain cutaneous lesions are indicative of a
dermatological condition or suggest the possibility of abuse. Resolving this
diagnostic uncertainty is not always straightforward. Therefore, it is essential
that both dermatologists and pediatricians possess thorough knowledge of
dermatological disorders that may mimic signs of abuse. The author will describe
some of the most frequent and clinically significant conditions.

Syphilis Disease and Teens: What Parents Need to Know and What They Need to Be Sure Their Teens Know

S. Poggiali, R. Bilenchi — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) affect individuals of all
ages, but they take an especially heavy toll on adolescents, who
are particularly vulnerable due to both behavioral and biological
factors. “Syphilis is one of the most significant sexually
transmitted diseases. Although it is relatively uncommon in pediatric
populations, it is essential for pediatricians to be able to
recognize its clinical manifestations and to be familiar with the
diagnostic tests required for accurate identification.

How to Manage a Severe Urticaria

Francesca Mori — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterized by the recurrent
appearance of wheals (hives) and/or angioedema lasting for more than
six weeks without an identifiable trigger. It is often difficult to treat but recent
advances in the understanding of pathophysiology allows for the adoption of
more personalized treatments. The author reports the most recent findings
regarding diagnosis, monitoring and therapeutic approach.

The Three Most Important Messages for Parents of a Child with Facial Infantile Hemangioma

A. Diociaiuti — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumor affecting infants.
The most IH lesions follow a benign and self-limited course. Facial IHs
are especially concerning because of their potential functional impairment
and psychosocial impact. The author illustrates the main useful information
to help families understand the nature of this injury, its progression over time
and the therapeutic management options.

The Three Most Important Things to Tell Parents of a Newborn/Infant with Scabies

G. Ruggiero — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Cases of pediatric scabies are increasing in many countries around the world.
The author outlines the main clinical criteria for diagnosis and the most characteristic
dermoscopic findings. Finally, he discusses treatment options and
the reported increase in cases resistant to topical permethrin therapy.

The Three Most Important Things to Tell the Parents of a Child with Atopic Dermatitis

F. Mazzotta — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Atopic dermatitis is a highly frequent disease in the pediatric population, with
an estimated prevalence of approximately 20%. Parents are often confused
and they may compulsively consult nutritionists, pharmacists, immunologists,
or homeopaths in search of new treatments. Given the fundamental importance
of therapeutic education in achieving effective clinical outcomes,
this paper outlines the essential information that should be communicated to
parents regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the disease.

The Three Most Important Things to Tell Parents of a Child With Café-au-lait Macules

L. Ciulli — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Café-au-lait macules are common pigmented lesions, either congenital or acquired
during the first years of life, and should not necessarily be regarded as
indicators of an underlying syndromic condition. Their main distinguishing
features from other hyperpigmented lesions are described, and all syndromic
disorders associated with the presence of café-au-lait macules are reviewed.

The Three Most Important Things to Tell Parents of a Newborn/Infant with a Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

F. Arcangeli — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are benign lesions which are typically classified according to their size. The significant attention given to CMN is justified by both aesthetic concerns and the risk of cutaneous melanoma. The author reports the most up-to-date estimates regarding the risk of melanoma and indicates the three most important things to communicate to the parents of a child with a congenital melanocytic nevus.

The Three Most Important Things to Tell Parents of a Newborn/Infant with a Candida Infection

P. Mulas — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This work outlines the spectrum of clinical presentations of Candida infections
affecting the mucosal surfaces and skin in pediatric patients.

The Three Most Important Things to Tell Parents of a Newborn/Infant with a Napkin Dermatitis

A. Franch, F. Arcangeli — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Following the description of the clinical presentation of the principal forms
of diaper area dermatitis and the corresponding therapeutic and preventive
strategies, the authors briefly outline the key recommendations for parental
care of the genital region in neonates and infants.

Marine Irritants. Two Case Reports

F. Magliani — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change and eutrophication have contributed to an increased prevalence
of marine stinging organisms and jellyfish in Italian coastal waters.
Among these, Pelagia noctiluca is known to induce contact dermatitis. This
report presents two clinically analogous cases observed in the Tyrrhenian and
Adriatic Seas, and outlines the most effective strategies for symptom management
and prevention of potential worsening.

Is Alopecia Always Areata?

A. Iannone — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

We report the case of a 6-year-old child presenting with alopecia in the right
frontotemporal region. Dermoscopic examination revealed broken hairs at
varying lengths and the presence of intact hairs within the area of alopecia,
which exhibited a markedly irregular shape. The main clinical and dermoscopic
features of alopecia patterns relevant to the differential diagnosis are
discussed.

What Strange Spots!

M. Manta — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The author presents the case of a 13-year-old boy who had been exhibiting
asymptomatic, grayish-brown macules on both upper and lower limbs for
approximately one month. The key clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological
findings support an accurate differential diagnosis among conditions
with similar presentations.

Persistent Congenital Hemangioma

A. Licordari — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The author present a case of a 23-month-old girl with a vascular soft and violaceous neoformation located in the frontal region at the level of the gla-bella. Since the parents reported that the lesion had been present since birth, the diagnosis of infantile hemangioma was ruled out. The persistence of the lesion at 12 months still did not allow for a definitive distinction between Non Involuting Congenital Hemangioma (NICH) and Rapid Involuting Congeni-tal Hemangiona (RICH). However, its persistence at 23 months confirmed the definitive diagnosis of NICH.

Eye for an Eye… Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in Two Children

M. Milioni — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The author reports two cases of ophthalmic herpes zoster, both associated
with conjunctival hyperemia, in two children aged 11 and 5 years who had
received only the first dose of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccination at 15
months of age. In both cases, the clinical presentation was highly suggestive
for diagnosis, and prompt therapeutic intervention successfully prevented
ocular complications.

New Therapies for Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Patients

A. Conti, F. Tartari — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In pediatric patients with severe atopic dermatitis, novel therapeutic options
have recently become available - options that were not accessible until a few
years ago. The authors outline the principal agents currently approved for systemic
treatment, as well as those undergoing advanced clinical investigation.

Nickel Allergy in Children and Adolescents: Between Myth and Reality

M. Gola, M. Magliulo — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Nickel is a ubiquitous allergen found in many everyday objects. Hypersensitivity
to nickel is the leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis in all ages,
including pediatrics. Sensitization often begins in childhood and puberty, peaking
between the ages of 12 and 20. Ear and body piercing have consistently
been identified as the most significant risk factor for nickel sensitization in
young people. The authors illustrate the main legislative regulations governing
the presence of nickel in many manufactured products and cosmetics.

Redox Imbalance and the Skin: A Clinical Indicator of Hidden Systemic Risk

M. Piazza, C. Capristo, N. Maiello, A. L. Boner — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Oxidative stress (OxS) is a key pathological mechanism in many dermatologic
and systemic disorders. As the largest and most exposed organ, the skin
mirrors systemic redox imbalance and early signs of mitochondrial dysfunction,
chronic inflammation, and immune dysregulation. This review examines
the interplay between oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and impaired
autophagy, highlighting their reflection in skin diseases and systemic
comorbidities. Conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and
chronic urticaria share oxidative and mitochondrial alterations that contribute
to inflammation, premature aging, and cardiovascular or neurodegenerative
risk. In atopic dermatitis, mitochondrial hyperactivity and defective autophagy
connect barrier dysfunction with systemic vascular disease. The skin thus
serves as a sentinel organ for redox imbalance. Evidence suggests that single,
high-dose antioxidants may be ineffective or even pro-oxidant, while multi-
antioxidant approaches—including vitamin D, folate, polyphenols, selenium,
zinc, and magnesium—support mitochondrial resilience and immune
balance. Recognizing cutaneous oxidative stress as both a biomarker and driver
of systemic disease underscores the value of integrative antioxidant strategies
for preventing and managing dermatologic and age-related disorders.

Gynecological Dermatology in Pediatric Age: a Comprehensive Overview

M. Borodina, J. Sigova, Y. Valle, Torello Lotti, F. Arcangeli — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Pediatric gynecologic dermatology encompasses non-sexually transmitted vulvar and perineal dermatoses in children and adolescents, requiring age-spe-cific examination, diagnosis, and management approaches. This comprehen-sive review synthesizes epidemiology, clinical features, and evidence-based management of common conditions — nonspecific/irritant vulvovaginitis, vulvar lichen sclerosus, contact dermatitis, inflammatory and pigmentary dermatoses, infections, and anatomical variants — alongside critical but rare systemic diseases including hidradenitis suppurativa, Crohn’s disease, and Behçet disease. We emphasize diagnostic challenges, safeguarding conside-rations, psychosocial impact, and the importance of multidisciplinary care models. Key knowledge gaps include standardizing maintenance protocols for chronic conditions, reducing diagnostic delays, and improving recogni-tion across diverse skin tones.