Institutional Leadership and the Solar Transition in Albania: Navigating Complexity for Energy Resilience

Abstract

Albania has an extraordinary potential for solar energy due to its suitable climate and geographical location. However, for many reasons, it remains an untapped area in this direction despite the growing interest worldwi-de. Despite some recent improvements, the improvements, again, remain in the initial stages where the need for involvement from many actors is seen. This article mainly examines the role of institutional leadership in the development of solar energy in Albania, focusing on how public insti-tutions can coordinate, regulate, and promote the transition process. The study relied on qualitative data gathered through semi-structured inter-views with private investors, regulators, and policymakers. It also investi-gates energy policy, legal systems, and comparative regional experience by reviewing existing studies and literature. The findings point to insufficient policy consistency, poor coordination, and a fragmented institutional fra-mework. There is a lack of an institution with a defined goal and plan, whi-ch is essential for investor trust. The study’s findings indicate that the ener-gy transition necessitates political and organizational leadership capable of mobilizing resources, linking stakeholders, and managing complexity. As a result, establishing institutional leadership is critical for maximizing the coun-try’s solar potential and connecting it to bigger climate and energy goals.